Subject Matter
. Summary:Present subjunctive is If+past tense,would+present tense.
Past hypotheticals are If+past perfect, would+present perfect.
And If+subject1+{past tense of verb or[were]}..... ,Subject 2 + Past tense of auxiliary verb{would,could,should} + original form of verb...
'If the subject is ~, then subject 2 is ...' {would, could, might}..."
"If the subject were ~, then subject 2 would be..."
The nuance of "I wish" is expressed by shifting the present tense to the past tense of the auxiliary verb (could, etc.)
. (In the hypothetical "if" clause, the verb "be" should be "were" for university entrance exams, but "was" can also be used overseas)
[1]The process of rewriting in the subjunctive past
Original sentence: I don't have money.I can't buy a car.(I don't have money, I can't buy a car)
(1) Assume the opposite of the original sentence
. If I have money,I can buy a car.(If I have money,I can buy a car.
. (2).make the verb in the if clause past tense or "were"
If I had money,I can buy a car.
. (3). Add a past auxiliary verb (could) to the main clause just before the verb.
If I had money,I could buy a car.(Completed!).
[2]Hypothetical Past Perfect
If the topic is in the past, delay the if clause tense to the past perfect
. (1)make the tense of the if clause past perfect
(2)Main clause
If subject1 had done..... ,S {would,could,might} have done
If subject 1 had done..... If subject 1 had done, subject 2 {would (=would) or could (=could) or might (=might)}had done
If subject 1 and subject 2 were identical, they would be identical, but they would not be identical.
Subject 1 and Subject 2 can be identical.
[3]Future subjunctive
if+should+verb prototype ,S+will,would+do
If the speaker thinks it is possible but unlikely to happen If+should,
Use will if it is possible, would if it is unlikely
if+were+to+the+verb's original form,S+would(could,might)+do
Use were+to when the speaker is talking about a hypothetical different from the present,
regardless of the possibility
[4]I wish...
Use the subjunctive (past tense or past perfect) below wish.
I wish Nadal did his homework.
I wish Nadal would do his homework.
I wish Nadal had done his homework.
Note: wish=wish, wish
. Remarks ( wish=wish for something that is impossible (subjunctive [= past tense])
. I wish Giants won. (I wish the Giants would win [The Giants are actually losing]
) hope=I hope it's possible
. I hope Giants win.(I hope Giants win [=I don't know if they will win])
.
[5]I will buy a car ("I" will buy a car)
I would buy a car if I had the money ("I" am actually unlikely to buy a car)
Short Notes
Homeに戻る