Participle construction
Gist: You can use verbs as adverbs. (A shortened adverbial clause.)If you only take the common test, you can translate the subordinate clause with "-te, -to".
There are six correct uses of participle constructions. When: when to do (when, while, before, after)
Condition: If you do (if)
. Cause: because of (as,since,because)
. Concession: though(though,though)
Incidental circumstance: while doing
. Result: and so on(and)
There is no use of the passive participle construction
(Being) done 〜,......
In the passive voice, the present sentence Being is omitted,
so the participle construction begins with the past participle done
[1]The process of turning an adverbial clause into a participle construction
1. exclude conjunctions (as, because, since, etc.)
2. exclude the subject of the subordinate clause
if the subject is the same in the main and subordinate clauses,
or if the subject of the main clause is a pronoun (he).
3. change the verb to the present participle (ing form)
(can be omitted if being is created)
4. put the main and subordinate clauses in chronological order.
[In participle constructions, the omitted conjunction can be roughly inferred from before and after,
but multiple interpretations may occur].
Note:
Dependent clauses: clauses containing if
Adverb: a word that modifies (explains) something other than a noun
Conjunctions
because: new information, usually placed at the end of a sentence
as,since: old information (the listener knows why),
usually these are placed at the beginning of the sentence
since: colloquial (conversational), as: literal (written)
. for: my own reasons for making a decision [for is a very old expression])
.
Independent participle constructions
When the subject differs in the main clause and the subordinate clause(It and I in the example),
the subject of the subordinate clause (It) is retained.
It having rained yesterday,I didn't go out.
[Not much different from common participle constructions
since it only leaves the subject of the subordinate clause].
However, when the subject is the speaker or a general story,
the subject of the subordinate clause is often omitted.
gererally speaking... ,
judgindfrom.... ,
considered... ,
Other
Being a literal and rigid expression,participle constructions are mostly used in sentences.
When used in conversation,
it is difficult to understand due to the absence of a conjunction and subject.
When used in conversation, the conjunction is often left out.
Subjunctive constructions
that come after the main clause are almost always incidental situations
Short Notes
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