Infinitives

(Roughly speaking) Infinitives can be used with "to + verb (original form)" to add an explanation (adverb, adjective) or as a noun.

[1]Noun-like usage
Use "to + verb (original form)" as a noun
. That is, the subject, (the verb) object, complement.
Subject
. To study is fun.

Object
I like to travel
(As in the SVO construction, the object of "I like" (the object of liking) is the noun "to travel (to travel).")

Complement
My dream is to be a baseball player.
(Like the SVC construction, "my dream" = "to be a baseball player.")


[2]Adverbial usage
to + verb (original form) as an adverb
Can be used with adverb:
why (basis of judgment, cause of emotion), adverb: how (result).
Example: I was surprised to hear the Watabe`s news
I was surprised to hear the Watabe`s news.
The [adverb: the cause (why) of the emotion (upon hearing Watabe`s news)]
modifies the [verb: I was surprised].

[3]Adjectival usage
to + verb (original form) as an adjective
. That is, it only describes a noun (OR pronoun)
. Example: I have homework to do
I have homework to do.

I want something hot to drink.
I want something warm to drink.
Infinitives are future-oriented, and verbs are the objects of past-oriented verbs.

Constructions with infinitives

[1]When the infinitive is the subject in nominative usage, it is expressed by replacing the subject with it.
(Reason: English does not like long subjects)
. (1)"The question of whether to use for or of in the it-to construction"

. When to use "of"
. SVC sentence structure
(words that express the nature of a person, such as kind or careless, are placed). E.g. It is kind of you to help me.
you(subject S) is(be verb V) kind(complement C)
. you=kind (complement) is formed (originally V was are)
.
When using for

Example: It is important for you to study Chinese(translation: it is important for you to study Chinese)

you ≠ important
.
[2]Expressions such as what to do
Question + to + verb prototype to become a noun phrase in a sentence.
I don't know what to do.

[3]Ask+Person+to+do (prototype) expressions
As if a person would ~do... do(ask)
allow(allow),want(want),tell(tell)
(Opinions differ as to whether this usage is SVOO or SVOC.)

[4]too. .to~~~ construction
Very much... So I can't ~~~. To~~ to... Too much
She is too young to drink alchole.

[5]. .enough to~~
Nadal is rich enough to buy a new house.

Development

. Only infinitives can be used in object of the verb
(and verb noun is not taken as object)
(Infinitives are treated as nouns in the object)
Short goro
. "whampacde" goro
w:want,wish,would like
h:hope
a:aim
m:mean
p:promise,plan
a:agree
c:choose
d:decide,desire,determine
e:expect

Donkey Carpet" Goro-Matching
GW(golden week)! SML carpet wa donkida!
g:guarantee
w:wish,want
s:seek,struggle,swear
m:manege,mean
l:learn,long
c:choose,claim,contract
a:agree,afford,aim,arrange,aim
r:refuse,resolve
p:pretend,promise,plan,pledge
e:expect
t:tend

h:happen
a:(agree,accord,aim,arrange,aim)5! That's a lot!

d:murder,determine,desire,dare
o:offer
n:need
k:know
i:intend
d:(DIDE,DETERMINE,DESIRE,DARE)4! That's a lot!
a:(agree,accord,aim,arrange,aim)5! Too many...


Short Notes

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