Participle
Main point: participle = verb used as an adjective. Adjective = describes a noun OR is a complement (C)
.
Present participle
The -ing form of a verb
Used when the noun performs an action (active relation)
.
Active + nuance in the middle.
Example: a speaking person.
Image: sanma, gentleman.
When the noun "person" is in the act of "speaking," the -ing form is used.
Past participle
Add -ed to the end of the verb.
Used in passive relationship.
Passive + nuance of completion.
Example: a hated person.
Image: Nishino, Nakata.
Place one participle word before noun wall.
Note: The past participle form of "hate" is hated.
The person (Nishino) receives the act of saying hate(dislike).
(passive relation)
[1]Explain nouns
a. one word
a broken wall(broken wall)
Put one participle word before the noun wall
Note: The past participle form of "break" is broken
B. When the participle is accompanied by another word
the wall broken by Nadal After a noun with two or more participles.
[2]Used as a complement (C)
Used as a C (complement) in SVC and SVOC constructions
(1)SVC (genitive complement S=C)
Nadal kept laughing(Nadal kept laughing)
[Nadal S=C kept laughing]
(2)SVOC(objective case complement O=C)
Nadal kept Seiya waiting
[Seiya = the state of waiting]
Short Notes
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